英語動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式以及動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。下面小編告訴你英語延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的用法，大家一起來看看吧! ? 英語延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的用法： ? 1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ? 也有人叫它持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。英語中的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞比較多，如study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 ? He worked all day in the fields. 他在地里干了一天。 ? I waited for you for an hour. 我等你等了一個(gè)鐘頭。 ? He stayed in London for over a month. 他在倫敦待了一個(gè)多月。 ? He watched them eating. 他瞧著他們吃飯。 ?

? 2. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ? 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也有人叫它終止性動(dòng)詞、短暫性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞，它表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有begin, buy, close, come, die, fail, find, finish, go, join, kill, leave, lend, lose, sell, start, stop, borrow等。如： ? They reached the village in the afternoon. 下午他們抵達(dá)那個(gè)村子。 ? I haven't finished the work yet. 這項(xiàng)工作我還沒有干完。 ? She stood up and left the room. 她站起身走出房去。 ? 3. 與完成時(shí)連用 ? 有的人認(rèn)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，你也這樣認(rèn)為嗎?錯(cuò)了!其實(shí)這是一種誤解。事實(shí)上，無論是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞還是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它們都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。如： ? He has lived here for ten 10 years. 他在這里住了10年了。 ? He has just arrived. 他剛剛到達(dá)。 ? 上面兩句的謂語都用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但*句中的動(dòng)詞live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而第二句中的動(dòng)詞arrive為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。兩者真正不同的是，延續(xù)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)需要可以連用一段時(shí)間，而非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞通常不能連用一段時(shí)間，所以*句中的live可以連用一段時(shí)間for ten years，第二句中的arrive則不可以連用類似for ten years這樣的一段時(shí)間。 ? 4. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的如何變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ? 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞由于它所表示的動(dòng)作只在瞬間完成，不能延續(xù)，所以它不能與一段時(shí)間連用，若在實(shí)際語境中需要連用一段時(shí)間，則應(yīng)改為與之同義的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如： ? begin / start→be on die→be dead come / go→be in ? borrow→keep finish→be over leave→be away ? buy→have get to know→know join→be in / be a member of ? 請(qǐng)看下面的例句子： ? 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)已經(jīng)開了三天了。 ? 誤：The sports meeting has begun for three days. ? 正：The sports meeting has been on for three days. ? 他入黨10年了。 ? 誤：He has joined the Party for 10 years. ? 正：He has been in the Party for 10 years. ? 正：He has been a Party member for 10 years. ? 他死了三年了。 ? 誤：He has died for three years. ? 正：He has been dead for three years. ? 5. 在否定句中的用法 ? 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與一段時(shí)間連用，這通常只限于肯定句，在否定句中則沒有這樣的限制——因?yàn)樗械姆茄永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞一旦被否定，就成了一種狀態(tài)，而所有的狀態(tài)都是可以持續(xù)的。如leave(離開)是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而not leave(沒有離開)則是一種狀態(tài)，因?yàn)椤皼]有離開”其實(shí)就是“呆在原處”，相當(dāng)于still stay there之類的意思，所以它是延續(xù)了。如： ? 誤：He has left here for three years. 他離開這兒有三年了。 ? 正：He hasn't left here for three years. 他已有三年沒離開這兒了。 ? 如何區(qū)分延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間動(dòng)詞： ? 1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作。如：study, work, stand, lie, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, stay 等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用。如：for three years, since 2010, how long..., till ...等。 ? How long can I keep the book? 這本書我可以借多久? ? They will work here till the end of this year. 他們要在這兒工作到今年年底。 ? We have been good friends since childhood. 自孩提時(shí)代我們就是好朋友。 ? 2. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，亦叫“終止性動(dòng)詞”或“瞬間動(dòng)詞”，其特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生，就意味著完成和結(jié)束，不再延續(xù)。所以，這類動(dòng)詞不能跟“時(shí)間段”連用。如：open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, arrive, see, die 等。 ? 終止性動(dòng)詞跟一段時(shí)間連用是錯(cuò)誤的，舉例并改正如下： ? His brother has joined the army for three years. (誤) 應(yīng)改為： ? 1. His brother has been in the army for three years. (將不延續(xù)的join 改為延續(xù)的be in) ? 2. His brother joined the army three years ago. (將for three years 該為three years ago) ? 3. It is three years since his brother joined the army. (用It is + 時(shí)間 since…) ? You can borrow this book for a week. (誤) 應(yīng)改為： ? 1. You can borrow this book and return it in a week. ? 2. You can keep/have this book for a week. ? (1)當(dāng)然，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定狀態(tài)下可以跟“時(shí)間段”連用。例如：I haven’t seen him for two days. 因?yàn)椤敖K止性動(dòng)詞”一旦被否定，就意味著“動(dòng)作未發(fā)生”，而未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作則意味著延續(xù)。 ? (2)有的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，但不表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而是將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。因?yàn)椤斑M(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作”意味著“動(dòng)作的延續(xù)”和“未完成”。正是由于終止性動(dòng)詞一旦發(fā)生就意味著完成和結(jié)束，所以進(jìn)行狀態(tài)下的終止性動(dòng)詞體現(xiàn)出“未完成特征”，“未完成特征”實(shí)際就是“未發(fā)生特征”。既如此，這個(gè)動(dòng)作就是將來發(fā)生了。所以，即便句中沒有將來的時(shí)間，一般也應(yīng)譯為“將要，就要，快要”。如： ? I think I am finishing the job in a day or two. 我想再過一兩天我就會(huì)完成這項(xiàng)工作的。 ? The shop opposite the road is closing. 路對(duì)面的那幾商店快要關(guān)門了。 ? The old worker is retiring next year. 這位老工人明年就要退休了。 ? The goat is dying because of a deadly disease. 這頭山羊因患了致命的疾病，快要死了。 ? 3. 一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的延續(xù)與否，不是永恒不變的，這跟語境有關(guān)。同樣是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，用過去式或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，有可能是“終止性的”，使用進(jìn)行時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，有可能變成“延續(xù)性的”。例如： ? I read the book. (不延續(xù)) ? I have read the book. (不延續(xù)) ? I am reaidng the book now. (延續(xù)) ? I have been reading the book for a week. (延續(xù)) ? 你給的這兩個(gè)例句： ? I will tell him as soon as I see him. (不延續(xù)) ? She is telling a story. (延續(xù)) ? 根據(jù)as soon as的用法，它引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是不延續(xù)的。如： ? As soon as I arrive here, I will telphone you. ? 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征： ? 一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的概念 ? 英語中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 ? 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 ? 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。 ? 二、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征 ? 1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示“時(shí)間段”的狀語連用。 ? 表示時(shí)間段的短語有：for+一段時(shí)間(eg: for two years), since從句(eg: since he came here), since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞(eg: since last year), during the past three years, how long, for a long time等。 ? 例：I have learned English since I came here. 自從我來到這兒就學(xué)習(xí)英語了。 ? 2. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”狀語連用。 ? 如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤)rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，前后顯然矛盾。 ? 如果要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可以借助come, begin, get等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來表示。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. ? 又如以下這段對(duì)話： ? -When did you get to know Jack? 你什么時(shí)候認(rèn)識(shí)Jack的?　　-Two years ago. 兩年前。 ? -Then you've known each other for more than two years. 也就是說你們倆認(rèn)識(shí)兩年多了。 ? -That's right. 沒錯(cuò)。 ? since后接延續(xù)性與短暫性動(dòng)詞的用法： ? 一、 若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是終止性的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開始的那一時(shí)刻起”。如： ? He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。 ? We have been missing them since they left here自從他們離開這里，我們就一直很想念他們。 ? It is/has been three years since he finished the work.自從他完成這項(xiàng)工作已經(jīng)三年了. ? 這是最常見的一種用法，此處不再多述。 ? 二、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從那持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。如： ? I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，sleep的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)，即“醒來”時(shí)，這句應(yīng)譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”。 ? John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher約翰現(xiàn)在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。所以， I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai. 不少人會(huì)望文生義，將該句譯為：“自從我住在上海以來，就再也沒有收到他的信了。”而實(shí)際上這個(gè)句子的譯文是： “自從我離開上海，就再也沒有收到他的信?！边@種譯法常被人們誤用，我們不妨再多舉幾個(gè)例子看看： ? How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你離開(沒住在)上海多久了? ? It is half a month since he was a League member.他退團(tuán)(不當(dāng)團(tuán)員)半個(gè)月了。 ? It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我離開倫敦已很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。 ? 比較：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來，他屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞) ? He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來，他就屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語為終止性動(dòng)詞) ? 三、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(說話時(shí)刻)，其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。如： ? I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。 ? 這里has lived表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從：“開始居住”時(shí)算起。因此此句可理解為“自從他(開始)住在那兒起，我就一直沒收到他的來信”。 ? Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車，我們每年都去野營(yíng)。 ? 試比較：1. Since I’ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自從我到這所學(xué)校，我們已換了三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)了。 ? Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自從我離開這所學(xué)校，他們已換了三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)了。 ? 2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自從我生病以來，他從未來看過我。 ? He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自從我病愈以來，他從未來看過我。 ? 由此可見，since引導(dǎo)的從句持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的意思恰好相反。換言之，前者以肯定的語法形式反映著否定的邏輯內(nèi)容，而后者的形式與內(nèi)容是一致的。 ? It has been three years since he worked here.他不在這工作已經(jīng)三年了 ? It has been three years since he smoked.他已經(jīng)戒煙三年了 ? 至于It is +一段時(shí)間+since…的句型與It has been +一段時(shí)間+since…意思相同。前者是規(guī)范說法，后者是口語說法。 ? 應(yīng)注意的是，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，since引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語動(dòng)詞來表示否定意義，下面兩句都錯(cuò)了： ? It is a long time since he didn’t study English. ? It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me. ? 正確的說法為： ? It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學(xué)英語了。 ? You haven’t come to see me for two months. 你有兩個(gè)月沒來看我了。